I saw this link for a climate related project sponsored by the BBC. They want to find 1/2 million distributed computers to allow them to use peoples PCs to crunch climate data. The distributed system takes idle system clock cycles to process the data and then it gets consolidated at the server level. I participated in a similar project a couple of years ago and saw no real impact on the performance of my system. If anyone is interested have a look at the link above.
I'm not sponsoring this, but I'm going to participate in it from one of my home machines.